* Recognition of Arabic letters in their isolate form * Formulation of letters in their written isolate form, with clear arrows to indicate the correct writing direction * The three short vowels: fatha, kasra and damma * The recognition and formulation of letters in their joined forms * Nunation (al-tanween) * The three long vowels (al-madd) * Al-sukun * Al-shadda * The sun and moon letters (al-huruf al-shamsiyyah wa'l-qamariyyah), and their associated rules * Al-alif al-maqsura * Al-hamza
